Thanks for the bug report.

This is weird, as there should be no "Empty Document" option since version 3.8. (Unless you have exactly one file at $HOME/Templates and it is named "Empty Document".)

Which distribution are you using?
Does the installed nautilus package come from the official repositories of the distribution? Or do you have any 3rd party repository which ships a modified nautilus?

As  weird as it may be, I do not have a template called "Empty Document".   

I am using Ubuntu 14.04 without any ppa or otherwise installed package.   

The behavior is different if I right click on an empty space and select "New Document". Then my templates are showed. 

Here are screenshots to illustrate:   
http://i.imgur.com/u8d2A7y.jpg
http://i.imgur.com/jsopmtc.jpg

Here is more info of my system:  

~$ nautilus --version
GNOME nautilus 3.10.1

~$ dpkg -s nautilus
Package: nautilus
Status: install ok installed
Priority: optional
Section: gnome
Installed-Size: 1643
Maintainer: Ubuntu Desktop Team <ubuntu-desktop@lists.ubuntu.com>
Architecture: amd64
Version: 1:3.10.1-0ubuntu8
Replaces: nautilus-data (<< 1:3.2.1-2ubuntu1), nautilus-sendto
Depends: libatk1.0-0 (>= 1.32.0), libc6 (>= 2.14), libcairo-gobject2 (>= 1.10.0), libcairo2 (>= 1.10.0), libdbusmenu-glib4 (>= 0.4.2), libexempi3 (>= 2.2.0), libexif12, libgail-3-0 (>= 3.0.0), libgdk-pixbuf2.0-0 (>= 2.22.0), libglib2.0-0 (>= 2.37.3), libgnome-desktop-3-7 (>= 3.2.0), libgtk-3-0 (>= 3.9.12), libnautilus-extension1a (>= 1:2.91), libnotify4 (>= 0.7.0), libpango-1.0-0 (>= 1.20.0), libpangocairo-1.0-0 (>= 1.14.0), libunity9 (>= 3.8.4), libx11-6, libxml2 (>= 2.7.4), libzeitgeist-1.0-1 (>= 0.3.14), session-migration, nautilus-data (>= 1:3.10), nautilus-data (<< 1:3.11), shared-mime-info (>= 0.50), desktop-file-utils (>= 0.7), gvfs (>= 1.3.2), libglib2.0-data, gsettings-desktop-schemas
Recommends: eject, brasero (>= 2.26), librsvg2-common, gvfs-backends
Suggests: eog, evince | pdf-viewer, totem | mp3-decoder, xdg-user-dirs, gnome-sushi
Breaks: gnome-bluetooth (<< 3.0), gnome-session (<< 2.28), gnome-volume-manager (<< 2.24), nautilus-sendto-empathy (<< 3.0), rhythmbox (<< 0.12)
Conffiles:
 /etc/xdg/autostart/nautilus-autostart.desktop 132571316e477d7e4a822a6eb985102a
Description: file manager and graphical shell for GNOME
 Nautilus is the official file manager for the GNOME desktop. It allows
 to browse directories, preview files and launch applications associated
 with them. It is also responsible for handling the icons on the GNOME
 desktop. It works on local and remote filesystems.
 .
 Several icon themes and components for viewing different kinds of files
 are available in separate packages.
Homepage: http://www.gnome.org/projects/nautilus/
Original-Maintainer: Josselin Mouette <joss@debian.org>



I am available to help if there is anything I can contribute.  

Best regards.

Thanks for the quick reply with all the details and the screenshots.

Ubuntu 14.04 official repositories have a modified version of nautilus, which restores a classic menubar (and, apparently, the "Empty Document" stock option as well).

There isn't a classic menu bar in upstream nautilus, so this bug is specific to the modifications featured in Ubuntu. I kindly ask you to report the bug to Ubuntu developers: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/nautilus/+filebug

Ok. Thank you very much.