on archlinux, png-libart support for dia is not available:

>  it's a deprecated, unmaintained library a long time ago

See https://bugs.archlinux.org/task/58429#comment168986

Therefore I get the following error message from dia when I run doxygen:

** (dia:7337): CRITICAL **: 21:17:38.231: Can't find output format/filter png-libart

doxygen --version
1.8.14

dia --version
Dia version 0.97.3, compiled 15:36:46 Jan 27 2017


dia --help
Usage:
dia [OPTION?] [FILE...]

Help Options:
-h, --help Show help options
--help-all Show all help options
--help-gtk Show GTK+ Options

Application Options:
-e, --export=OUTPUT Export loaded file and exit
-t, --filter=TYPE Select the filter/format out of: cgm, dia, dxf, eps, eps-builtin, eps-pango, fig, mp, plt, hpgl, png (cairo-png, cairo-alpha-png, pixbuf-png), jpg, shape, svg, tex (pgf-tex, pstricks-tex), wpg
-s, --size=WxH Export graphics size
-L, --show-layers=LAYER,LAYER,... Show only specified layers (e.g. when exporting). Can be either the layer name or a range of layer numbers (X-Y)
-n, --nosplash Don't show the splash screen
--nonew Don't create empty diagram
--integrated Start integrated user interface (diagrams in tabs)
-l, --log-to-stderr Send error messages to stderr instead of showing dialogs.
-I, --input-directory=DIRECTORY Directory containing input files
-O, --output-directory=DIRECTORY Directory containing output files
-c, --credits Display credits list and exit
--verbose Generate verbose output
-v, --version Display version and exit
--display=DISPLAY X display to use

The png-libart filter type is missing in the list (because of the comment by the dia maintainer mentioned above).

Since dia parameters are hardcoded in doxygen it's not possible to define cairo-png.

So my suggestion is to "probe dia" for available export filters or let the export filter be configurable in the doxyfile.