If you have the ability to compile gcalctool, it would help 
if you could add the following line to the check_vals() 
routine in gtk.c:

  fprintf(stderr, "cv: n: %d keyvals: %d state: %d\n", n, keyvals, state);
  
just before the:

  state = state & ...      

line and recompile gcalctool and run it again, noting what key 
you were pressing for each line of output.

The way that gcalctool works is that it has a set of keyval and
state values it recognizes for each calculator button. For example,
for the digit "1", it recognizes:

    { 0,     0,        0,          0,       0 },     /* state */
    { GDK_1, GDK_KP_1, GDK_KP_End, GDK_R13, 0 },     /* keyval */

See about line 308 in calctool.c. Now I'm suspecting that for
your keyboard layout, none of the above match. Perhaps you have
to hold the Shift key down to enter a 1, in which case we would
have to add a new state/keyval entry of:

      GDK_SHIFT_MASK
      GDK_1                /* or whatever keyval is output */

to correctly capture this. And so on...

Created attachment 24519 [details]
Proposed fix for the problem.

I've checked into CVS HEAD what I believe is the fix,
and I've closed out the bug. If this doesn't fix it
for you, please just reopen it, and let me know where
I screwed up. I've also bumped the version number in 
configure.in to 4.3.46.Thanks.